XiaoZhi AI Frequently Asked Questions

XiaoZhi AI Chatbot Frequently Asked Questions

For simplicity, “XiaoZhi AI terminal” in the following refers to the XiaoZhi AI chatbot. Except for ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 series development board related issues, the following questions mostly target the breadboard configuration solution. Issues related to other manufacturers’ solutions or customized solutions are not included in this compilation.

Basic Beginner Questions

Q0: What are the steps to replicate a XiaoZhi AI robot?

A: Using a breadboard, DuPont wires, or self-soldered wire assembly methods, follow these 5 steps:

1. Purchase materials and modules: Purchase the required materials and modules according to the list, refer to the document: XiaoZhi AI Chatbot Hardware List and Wiring Tutorial
2. Hardware wiring: Based on the development board you purchased (44-pin or 42-pin), select the corresponding wiring diagram or connection table tutorial document, and connect the wires according to the corresponding English and numeric codes.
3. Download and flash firmware:
   • Default WIFI version, download and flash the WIFI version firmware v0.X.X_WiFi.zip (X.X represents the version number)
   • ML307R-4G version (optional) download and flash the 4G version firmware v0.X.X_ML307.zip (X.X represents the version number)
   • Flashing tool and firmware download: Firmware Download
4. Configure device network connection:
   • ESP32S3 development board supports WIFI network by default, please configure the WIFI or mobile hotspot at your location (limited to 2.4G frequency band WIFI, does not support WIFI networks with secondary verification)
   • ML307R-4G version can connect to the network by inserting a SIM card/data card (IoT card)
5. Register device: Go to the website backend control panel to register the device, add the device verification code. Wake up with “Hello XiaoZhi” to use.

Q1: What is XiaoZhi AI?

A: XiaoZhi AI is an offline (local) voice-activated AI chatbot based on ESP32-S3 microcontroller, which runs a powerful AI model on the cloud to provide real-time responses via a streaming WebSocket interface. It is a customized voice interaction product that can intelligently respond to your questions, assist with tasks, and provide information. The XiaoZhi AI client runs locally on the ESP32-S3 chip, which processes voice input and output while connecting to cloud services for AI processing.

Q2: How do I start using XiaoZhi AI?

A: To start using XiaoZhi AI, follow these steps:

1. Assemble the hardware according to the Hardware Assembly Guide
2. Flash the firmware following the Firmware Download instructions
3. Configure WiFi connection
4. Activate the device using the wake word “Hello XiaoZhi”
5. Ask your questions or give commands

Q3: What is the wake word/activation phrase for XiaoZhi AI?

A: The default wake word for XiaoZhi AI is “Hello XiaoZhi” (or “你好小智” in Chinese). Say this phrase to activate the device and then speak your question or command.

Q4: How do I configure WiFi for XiaoZhi AI?

A: When using XiaoZhi AI for the first time or when you need to change WiFi networks, follow these steps:

1. Power on the device
2. The device will enter AP mode automatically if no WiFi is configured
3. Connect to the WiFi hotspot named “XiaoZhi-XXXX” using your phone or computer
4. Open a web browser and navigate to 192.168.4.1
5. Select your home WiFi network from the list and enter the password
6. Click “Connect” and wait for the device to connect to your network

If you need to reconfigure WiFi later, you can press and hold the BOOT button (or the specific reset button on your device) for 3-5 seconds to enter configuration mode again.

Hardware-Related Questions

Q5: What development board should I choose for building XiaoZhi AI?

A: For the best experience, we recommend:

• Preferred Option: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16R8 (16MB Flash + 8MB PSRAM)
• Acceptable Option: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N8R2 (8MB Flash + 2MB PSRAM)
• Budget Option: ESP32 (for the budget version with limited functionality)

Choose boards with integrated RGB LEDs if possible. If you are a beginner, you can consider buying pre-assembled kits from recommended vendors. For advanced users who want to build from scratch, please refer to the Hardware Assembly Guide.

Q6: What peripherals are required for XiaoZhi AI?

A: The core peripherals for a functional XiaoZhi AI include:

• Mandatory:

  • INMP441 MEMS microphone (for voice input)
  • MAX98357A amplifier (for voice output)
  • Speaker (8Ω 2-3W recommended)

• Recommended:

  • 0.91" OLED display (128x32 pixels, SSD1306 driver)
  • Buttons for volume control and manual activation

• Optional:

  • ML307R 4G module (for areas without WiFi)
  • Additional LEDs for status indication

Q7: Why does the RGB LED on my development board not work?

A: Some development boards require manual soldering of the LED pads. Check if there are two small solder points near the RGB LED on your board. If present, you’ll need to solder them to connect the LED. Alternatively, you can use an external LED connected to specified GPIO pins.

Q8: Can I use different microphones or amplifiers?

A: XiaoZhi AI firmware is optimized for the INMP441 microphone and MAX98357A amplifier. While other I2S microphones and amplifiers might work, they may require firmware modifications. For beginners, we strongly recommend sticking with the specified components for compatibility.

Firmware and Software Questions

Q9: How do I update the firmware?

A: To update the firmware:

1. Download the latest firmware from the Firmware Download page
2. Use the same flashing tool you used for the initial installation
3. Alternatively, newer firmware versions support OTA (Over-The-Air) updates through the web interface

Be sure to check the firmware compatibility with your development board before updating.

Q10: Why does XiaoZhi AI keep restarting?

A: Frequent restarts are usually caused by:

1. Memory overflow: If you’re using an ESP32 (budget version) or a board with limited PSRAM, complex operations may cause memory issues
2. Power supply problems: Ensure your USB power supply can provide at least 1A current
3. Hardware conflicts: Check for wiring errors or short circuits
4. Firmware bugs: Try updating to the latest firmware version

If you’re using the ESP32-S3 with adequate PSRAM and still experiencing restarts, try removing some peripherals temporarily to isolate the issue.

Q11: How can I check if my XiaoZhi AI is connected to the internet?

A: You can check the connection status through:

1. LED indicators:

   • Solid blue: Successfully connected to WiFi
   • Blinking blue: Attempting to connect to WiFi
   • Red flash: Connection error

2. Voice feedback:

   • The device will say “Network connected” when successfully connected
   • If there’s a connection issue, it will say “Unable to connect to network”

3. Display screen (if available):

   • WiFi symbol will appear when connected
   • Error message will display if connection fails

Usage and Functionality Questions

Q12: How do I adjust the volume on XiaoZhi AI?

A: Volume can be adjusted in several ways:

1. Using buttons (if configured):

   • Short press the volume+ button (GPIO40) to increase volume
   • Short press the volume- button (GPIO39) to decrease volume
   • Long press volume- button to mute
   • Long press volume+ button to set maximum volume

2. Voice commands:

   • Say “Hello XiaoZhi, increase volume”
   • Say “Hello XiaoZhi, decrease volume”
   • Say “Hello XiaoZhi, set volume to 50%” (values from 0-100%)

3. Web interface:

   • Connect to the device’s web interface
   • Find the volume settings section
   • Adjust using the slider or input field

Q13: How do I interrupt XiaoZhi AI when it’s speaking?

A: You can interrupt XiaoZhi AI by:

1. Saying the wake word again while it’s speaking
2. Pressing the BOOT button (or a configured interrupt button)
3. Double-tapping the device (if equipped with motion sensors)

Q14: How do I reconfigure XiaoZhi AI WiFi or change WiFi?

A: To reconfigure the WiFi connection:

1. Method 1: Press and hold the BOOT button (or designated reset button) for 5 seconds, then release
2. Method 2: Navigate to the web configuration panel if currently connected
3. Method 3: If available on your device, use the “Reset WiFi” option in the settings menu

After initiating reset, follow the standard WiFi configuration process as described in Q4.

Q15: What language options are available for XiaoZhi AI?

A: XiaoZhi AI supports:

• Chinese (Simplified)
• Chinese (Traditional)
• English
• Japanese (beta)

You can change the language by saying “Hello XiaoZhi, switch to English” or using the web interface. The device will respond in the selected language for both voice and display output.

Troubleshooting

Q16: XiaoZhi AI doesn’t respond to the wake word. What should I do?

A: If XiaoZhi AI doesn’t respond to the wake word:

1. Check if the device is powered on and the LED shows it’s in normal operation
2. Ensure the microphone is correctly connected and not blocked
3. Try speaking the wake word more clearly and at a moderate distance (30-100cm)
4. Check if the device is connected to WiFi (indicated by blue LED)
5. Try rebooting the device
6. If still not working, try reflashing the firmware

Q17: I hear static or distorted sound from the speaker. How can I fix it?

A: Audio distortion can be caused by:

1. Poor connections: Check the wiring between the amplifier and speaker
2. Power issues: Ensure proper power supply to the amplifier
3. Volume too high: Reduce the volume to prevent distortion
4. Interference: Keep the audio wires away from power lines and digital signal wires
5. Damaged speaker: Try replacing the speaker if possible

Q18: Why does XiaoZhi AI say “Network Error” or “Unable to Connect”?

A: These error messages typically indicate:

1. WiFi connection issues: Check if your WiFi router is working and the device is within range
2. Internet connectivity problems: Ensure your internet connection is working
3. Server connection issues: The cloud service might be temporarily unavailable
4. Authentication errors: Verify that your device is properly registered

Try restarting your router and the device. If problems persist, check the device’s WiFi configuration.

Advanced Questions

Q19: Can I modify XiaoZhi AI’s firmware or add custom features?

A: Yes, XiaoZhi AI is open source and customizable:

1. Source code access: The source code is available on GitHub for developers
2. Development environment: Set up the ESP-IDF development environment following the ESP-IDF Setup Guide
3. Customization options: You can modify the firmware to add features, change behavior, or optimize for specific hardware

Note that custom modifications require programming knowledge and understanding of the ESP32 platform.

Q20: How can I improve XiaoZhi AI’s voice recognition accuracy?

A: To improve voice recognition:

1. Microphone placement: Place the microphone away from noise sources and reflective surfaces
2. Noise reduction: Consider adding physical noise isolation for the microphone
3. Speech clarity: Speak clearly and at a moderate pace
4. Optimal distance: Position yourself 30-100cm from the device
5. Updated firmware: Ensure you’re using the latest firmware for improved recognition algorithms

Q21: Why is XiaoZhi AI’s response sometimes delayed?

A: Response delays can be caused by:

1. Network latency: Slow internet connection can delay cloud processing
2. Server load: High demand on AI services can cause processing queues
3. Device processing: Limited processing power, especially on budget versions
4. Complex queries: Some questions require more processing time than others

For the best experience, ensure a stable, high-speed internet connection and use the recommended hardware specification.

For Advanced Users

Q22: How can I connect XiaoZhi AI to home automation systems?

A: XiaoZhi AI can integrate with home automation through:

1. Direct GPIO control: Program specific pins to control relays or other devices
2. MQTT integration: Configure the device to publish/subscribe to MQTT topics
3. Custom firmware: Develop firmware extensions to communicate with your specific home automation system
4. API integration: Use the WebSocket API to integrate with other systems

Detailed integration guides are available in the Development Documentation.

Q23: Can XiaoZhi AI operate completely offline?

A: XiaoZhi AI requires an internet connection for AI processing as the large language model runs in the cloud. However:

1. The wake word detection is processed locally on the device
2. Basic device functions and setup can work offline
3. Future versions may include more offline capabilities

Currently, full offline operation with AI capabilities is not possible due to the resource constraints of the ESP32 platform.

Q24: How secure is XiaoZhi AI? What about privacy?

A: XiaoZhi AI is designed with security and privacy in mind:

1. Encrypted communication: All data sent to and from the cloud uses TLS encryption
2. Wake word detection: The device only streams audio to the cloud after hearing the wake word
3. No continuous recording: Audio is processed in short segments and not stored permanently
4. Open source: The code can be audited for security and privacy concerns
5. Data handling: Information on data processing and storage policies is available in the privacy policy

For maximum privacy, you can review the source code and build the firmware yourself.

Support and Resources

Q25: Where can I find more help or join the XiaoZhi AI community?

A: Additional resources include:

1. Official Website: XiaoZhi.Dev
2. GitHub Repository: Source code and technical documentation
3. Community Forums: Discussion boards for users to share experiences and solutions
4. Social Media Channels: Updates and announcements on official channels
5. Video Tutorials: Step-by-step guides on assembly and usage

For direct support, you can reach out through the contact form on the official website.